省級課題《少先隊生命自護活動課程的構建與實施策略研究》——“生命自護安全急救”教師(教學及生活教師）培訓簡報（2020年11月20日）

2020年11月20日下午，成都美視學校中國部·小學省級課題《少先隊生命自護課程的構建與實施策略研究》邀請到“一家一救”聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人、美國心臟協(xié)會急救員導師、野外醫(yī)學高級會員、兒童院前急救高級講師文溢老師到校，給中國部·小學全體教師以“生命自護安全急救”為主題，進行了教師培訓。

培訓內(nèi)容分為四個版塊：（一）急救常識；（二）異物窒息；（三）頭骨骼肌肉損傷；（四）以及心肺復蘇。

（一）急救常識。在發(fā)生緊急狀況時，我們都知道應該撥打１２０，可是如何正確撥打并求救卻是很陌生。通過文老師講解，大家意識到為了爭取及時搶救的時間，撥打１２０以后，應該這樣做：１、你問我答，一定不能隨意掛斷電話；２、必須設置一個應急聯(lián)絡電話；３、在１２０到達之前，保持電話暢通。同時，文老師提示所有參培老師，關注以下急救常識：１、學會用手機微信查找最近的ＡＥＤ在哪里？２、明確哪些醫(yī)院可以處理兒童緊急情況，醫(yī)療儲備有哪些等。

The first training section: First aid knowledge. When an emergency occurs, we all  know that we should dial 120, but we are unfamiliar with the help-seeking process. Through teacher Wen’s explanation, Everyone realizes that in order to gain time for timely rescue, after dialing 120, we should do this: 1. We must not hang up at will; 2. An emergency contact number must be set; 3. Keep the phone unblocked before 120 arrives. At the same time, Mr. Wen reminds all participating teachers to pay attention to the following first aid common sense: 1. Learn to use mobile phone WeChat to find the nearest AED? 2. Make clear which hospitals can handle children's emergencies and what medical reserves are available.

（二）：輕度異物窒息與重度異物窒息的相關常識。

文老師請到參培現(xiàn)場的老師老師上臺做配合，給大家演示“海姆利克急救法”的操作方法，并特別提示了不同人群的相關注意事項，如：嬰幼兒、老年人或脊椎病人等。通過老師參與互動做演示，大家清晰明白地了解了其操作步驟。

重要提示：解除窒息，預防為主，勤練技能。

The second training section: common knowledge about Mild and severe asphyxiation. 

Teacher Wen invited the teachers who participated in the training to cooperate and demonstrate the operation method of "Heimlik First Aid", and specially reminded the relevant precautions of different groups of people, such as: infants, young children, the elderly or patients with spine, etc.  Through the teacher's participation in the interactive demonstration, everyone clearly understood the operation steps. 

Important reminder: To relieve suffocation, take prevention first and practice skills diligently.

（三）頭、骨骼、肌肉損傷相關常識。文老師特別提示了兩點：１、生活中，無論成人還是兒童各部位出現(xiàn)緊急損傷是無法預測，但是及時正確的救助行為很重要。２、無論哪種狀態(tài)下的損傷，首先應該安撫孩子的情緒，才能便于后續(xù)的施救。文老師講到的ＲＩＣＥ四步治療法，讓老師們受益匪淺：Ｒ－－Ｒｅｓｔ　休息、Ｉ－－Ｉｃｅ　冷敷、Ｃ－－Ｃｏｍｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ　加壓、Ｅ－－Ｅｌｅｖａｔｉｏｎ抬高。

The third training section: common knowledge about head, bone and muscle injuries. Teacher Wen specially reminded two points: 1. In life, it is impossible to predict the emergency injuries in various parts of adults or children, but timely and correct rescue behavior is very important.; 2. Regardless of the injury in any state, the child's emotions should be calmed first to facilitate subsequent rescue. The RICE four-step treatment in this section has benefited teachers a lot: R--Rest rest, I--Ice cold compress, C--Compression, and E--Elevation.

（四）心肺復蘇的常識。

從文老師分享的小視頻，參培老師們認識到：只有在患者無呼吸、無反應的狀態(tài)下，才可以實施心肺復蘇。文老師用自帶的道具人偶與訓練用的ＡＥＤ給在場老師們做演示，并就當發(fā)生心臟驟停的緊急狀態(tài)下的急救進行專業(yè)細節(jié)提示：１、提示身邊的人撥打１２０，并就近取來ＡＥＤ，根據(jù)ＡＥＤ語音提示進行操作；２、實施心肺復蘇手法——按壓胸骨下半段，深度約５里面，以每分鐘１００－１２０次的速度按壓３０次后，進行兩次人工呼吸。

The fourth training section: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation. From the small video shared by Teacher Wen, all the teachers realized that CPR can only be performed when the patient is breathless and unresponsive. Teacher Wen used the self-contained props and AED for training to demonstrate to the teachers present, and gave professional detailed tips on first aid in an emergency when a cardiac arrest occurs: 1. Remind the people around to dial 120 and stay nearby Take the AED and operate according to the AED' s voice prompts; 2. Perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation-press the lower half of the sternum to a depth of about 5 times, press 30 times at a speed of 100-120 times per minute, and perform two times artificial respiration.

“生命自護”對每個人而言都很重要。中國部·小學不僅僅從課題研究的角度樹立師生們的安全防護意識，更從真實生活場景中夯實大家理論認識與實踐技能。關愛師生生命健康，我們一直在路上……

"Life self-care" is very important to everyone. Primary School of Chinese Division not only establishes the safety protection awareness of teachers and students from the perspective of subject research, but also consolidates their theoretical knowledge and practical skills from real life scenarios. Caring for the health of teachers and students, we are always on the road...